Physiol Plant 109:107–116, Jiang CY, Sheng XF, Qian M, Wang QY (2008) Isolation and characterization of a heavy metal-resistant Burkholderia sp. By virtue of various interactions in the process of phytoremediation and salt removal, the plants can reduce soil contamination to a great extent and reestablished the productive potential of the soil. Tangahu BV, Abdullah S, Rozaimah S, Basri H, Idris M, Anuar N, Mukhlisin M (2011) A review on heavy metals (As, Pb, and Hg) uptake by plants through phytoremediation. exert hazardous effects on plant height of plants while Zn is an essential element for plant growth but its excess amount exert toxic effects on plant height. Total Ni phytoextracted from soils was significantly improved using both soil treatments (inorganic and organic), despite the decrease observed in soil Ni availability and shoot Ni concentrations in compost-amended soils. J Exp Bot 65(6):1467–1479, Li HF, Gray C, Mico C, Zhao FJ, McGrath SP (2009) Phytotoxicity and bioavailability of cobalt to plants in a range of soils. It involve in the production of reactive oxygen species which leads to subsequent cell death, eventually results in reduction in crop growth and yield. Nonessential metals/metalloids, i.e., Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, etc., initiate a series of consecutive and/or parallel events at morphological, physiological, and molecular levels in aquatic plants depending on the nature of element and plant species. In the recent past, phytoremediation received great attention because of its eco-friendly and economic approaches. Acta Soc Bot Pol 56:271–280, Chekroun KB, Baghour M (2013) The role of algae in phytoremediation of heavy metals: a review. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Environ Sci Technol 39(6):1771–1777, Bhalerao SA, Sharma AS, Poojari AC (2015) Toxicity of nickel in plants. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics of mixing behavior under reduced gravity, a breakdown of the process flow for a biological ISRU approach and exploratory in silico evaluation of the feasibility are presented. It is incidental that plant growth reduction by Ni and other heavy metals causes inhibition of metabolic procedures and stunted development, which lead to decrease of normal cell divisions. Science 168:389–392, Arazi T, Sunkar R, Kaplan B, Fromm H (1999) A tobacco plasma membrane calmodulin-binding transporter confers Ni, Arduini I, Godbold DL, Onnis A (1995) Influence of copper on root growth and morphology of, Azubuike CC, Chikere CB, Okpokwasili GC (2016) Bioremediation techniques–classification based on site of application: principles, advantages, limitations and prospects. Therefore, sensitive plants growing in sites with heavy metals exposure show altered metabolism, growth reduction, and reduced biomass production and reduced yield. The increasing pace of industrialization in public and private sectors along with urbanization explosion and green revolution are reflected in varying degree of polluted water, soil and air. J Inorg Biochem 117:306–315, Parmar NG, Vithalani SD, Chanda SV (2002) Alteration in growth and peroxidase activity by heavy metals in Phaseolus seedlings. It is the promising technology for the remediation of contaminated soil because for its low cost, non-intrusiveness, aesthetically pleasing and sustainable features. Plants cope with oxidative stress by, L.) showed a strong ability to accumulate and, translocate Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb, and, water, surface water, waste water, s, Table 1. Several hyperaccumulator and halophyte plants are known to decontaminate the soil polluted with various hazardous metals and salts. Epub 2018 Oct 17. Cultivation of crops on contaminated sites may result in both growth inhibition and tissue accumulation of heavy metals with resulting possible risks to humans health. In: Environmental protection strategies for sustainable development. New Phytol 164:83–93, Krämer U, Grime GW, Smith JAC, Hawes CR, Baker AJM (1997) Micro-PIXE as a technique for studying nickel localization in leaves of the hyperaccumulator plant Alyssum lesbiacum. Metal tolerance in aquatic plants is more likely involved in an integrated network of multiple response processes generally described as “fan-shaped response” rather than several isolated functions described above. Two broad strategies for heavy metal tolerance include sequestration/accumulation of toxic heavy metals in a cellular compartment like vacuole or apoplast, and detoxification, that is, conversion into nontoxic forms. INTRODUCTION The heavy metals are important environmental pollutants and also a cause of potential ecological risk. Application of 2 g citric acid/kg of soil and 1.33 g NPK fertilizer/kg of soil resulted in Ni uptake by 118.18 mg/plant or increased by 38.61% compared to control. A very promising environmental-friendly and cost-effective alternative is plant based bioremediation (phytoremediation). : effect on nitrate assimilation and growth. Plant Soil 112:195–199, Moller IM, Jensen PE, Hansson A (2007) Oxidative modifications to cellular components in plants. These heavy metals affect production of maize crop and soil quality. In our book chapter we focus on abiotic stresses. Maróti M(1), Bognár J. Russian J Plant Physiol 50(3):398–406, Jentschke G, Godbold DL (2000) Metal toxicity and ectomycorrhizas. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 34:619–628, Gruenhage L, Jager IIJ (1985) Effect of heavy metals on growth and heavy metals content of, Guan Q, Wang F, Xu C, Pan N, Lin J, Zhao R, Luo H (2018) Source apportionment of heavy metals in agricultural soil based on PMF: a case study in Hexi Corridor, northwest China. 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Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi, Mitchell RL, Burchett MD, Pulkownik A, McCluskey L (1988) Effects of environmentally hazardous chemicals on the emergence and early growth of selected Australian native plants. We present designs for two bioreactor systems to be incorporated in a Mars habitat. Thus, a sustained settlement will be enhanced if it can perform elemental extraction and utilization in situ. Cell Biochem Biophys 31(1):19–48, Reddy AM, Kumar SG, Jyothsnakumari G, Thimmanaik S, Sudhakar C (2005) Lead induced changes in antioxidant metabolism of horsegram (, Ros ROC, Cooke DT, Burden RS, James CS (1990) Effects of the herbicide MCPA and the heavy metals, cadmium and nickel on the lipid composition, Mg, Ruiz ON, Alvarez D, Torres C, Roman L, Daniell H (2011) Metallothionein expression in chloroplasts enhances mercury accumulation and phytoremediation capability. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 27–53, Mane PC, Bhosle AB (2012) Bioremoval of some metals by living algae Spirogyra sp. Acta Bot Neerl 41:229–248, Eshleman A, Siegel SM, Siegel BZ (1971) Is mercury from Hawaiian volcanoes a natural source of pollution? Nature 223:471–475, Eun SO, Youn HS, Lee Y (2002) Lead disturbs microtubule organization in the root meristem of, Farshian S, Khara J, Malekzadeh P (2007) Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (, Fidalgo F, Azenha M, Silva AF, de Sousa A, Santiago A, Ferraz P, Teixeira J (2013) Copper-induced stress in Solanum nigrum L. and antioxidant defense system responses. Many researchers reported that heavy metals have negative effect on plant growth and development (Ackova, 2018; ... Uptake of HMs in plants not only inhibits the growth attributes of plants, but also induces toxic effects on consumer health [27][28][29][30][31][32]. Among the pollutants, Heavy metals are the most dangerous type of chemical pollutants since they cause serious health hazard. J Chem Educ 74:1369–1374, Herawati N, Suzuki S, Hayashi K, Rivai IF, Koyoma H (2000) Cadmium, copper and zinc levels in rice and soil of Japan, Indonesia and China by soil type. This is a preview of subscription content, Achal V, Pan X, Zhang D (2011) Remediation of copper-contaminated soil by, Achal V, Pan X, Zhang D (2012a) Bioremediation of strontium (Sr) contaminated aquifer quartz sand based on carbonate precipitation induced by Sr resistant, Achal V, Pan X, Fu Q, Zhang D (2012b) Biomineralization based remediation of As (III) contaminated soil by, Ahluwalia SS, Goyal D (2007) Microbial and plant derived biomass for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. 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Food Energy Secur 2(1):70–80, Fodor E, Szabo NA, Erdei L (1995) The effects of cadmium on the fluidity and H, Gadd G (2009) Heavy metal pollutants: environmental and biotechnological aspects. Background: A pot experiment was conducted to determine the toxic effects of some heavy metals on the plant growth and seed yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Acta Physiol Plant 24(1):89–95, Patterson WA, Olson JJ (1983) Effects of heavy metals on radicle growth of selected woody species germinated on filter paper, mineral and organic soil substrates. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 32(11):180, Bano SA, Ashfaq D (2013) Role of mycorrhiza to reduce heavy metal stress. However, in higher amounts they may decrease plant growth. In: Innovations in life science research. Phytoremediation, the use of, Cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soil negatively affects crops yield and compromises food safety. In: Shaw AJ (ed) Heavy metal tolerance in plants evolutionary aspects. Table 2 lists some research done to remediate heavy metals from contaminated soil, while Table 3lists some research conducted to remediate them from contaminated water and wastewater. Soil pollution with heavy metals is an environmental issue that also represents a human health risk for... 2. Nat Sci 5:16–20, Banuelos G, Terry N, LeDuc DL, Pilon SEA, Mackey B (2005) Field trial of transgenic Indian mustard plants shows enhanced phytoremediation of selenium-contaminated sediment. Front Plant Sci 10:114. After the growth of Bajo starfruit for 25 weeks, the application of 3 g citric acid/kg of soil without application of NPK fertilizer reduced the total soil Ni from 8926 ppm to 2400 ppm i.e.73.11%. Heavy metal polluted soils leads to reduction in growth due to changes in physiological and biochemical activities. Bajo starfruit is a wild plant that commonly grows in nickel mining areas and it is known to have the ability to take up Ni metal from the soil, even though its Ni uptake ability is still relatively low. Despite this, radical scavenging activity at the level of 20% was similar in M and NM ecotypes, which may implicate effective reduction of oxidative stress in M plants. Various studies have revealed the harmful impacts of HMs on human health and plant growth and development [33], ... Plants growing in contaminated areas take up metals mainly through their root system. Salinity and sodicity are described as major causes of land degradation process that retards plant growth and productivity particularly in the arid and semiarid regions. J Exp Bot 28:1029–1036, Wojas S, Hennig J, Plaza S, Geisler M, Siemianowski O, Skłodowska A, Antosiewicz DM (2009) Ectopic expression of, Wong HL, Sakamoto T, Kawasaki T, Umemura K, Shimamoto K (2004) Down-regulation of metallothionein, a reactive oxygen scavenger, by the small GTPase OsRac1 in rice. The model was generated using the Random Forest package in R. Using R 2 to assess the prediction accuracy, the Random Forest model generated satisfactory results for all the elements. A green-house experiment was conducted to investigate the efficiency of three heavy metal-tolerant plant growth promoting bacterial strains (HMT-PGPB) (Alcaligenes faecalis MG257493.1, Bacillus cereus MG257494.1 and Alcaligenes faecalis MG966440.1 to alleviate the heavy metal’s toxic effects on sorghum plant (Sorghum bicolor, L.) in addition to their ability to enhance plant growth. Cite as. Heredity 69:336–341, Messer RL, Lockwood PE, Tseng WY, Edwards K, Shaw M, Caughman GB, Lewis JB, Wataha JC (2005) Mercury (II) alters mitochondrial activity of monocytes at sublethal doses via oxidative stress mechanisms. Crop J 1(2):91–104, Boening DW (2000) Ecological effects, transport, and fate of mercury: a general review. J Plant Physiol 154:536–546, Brune A, Urbach W, Dietz KJ (1994) Compartmentation and transport of zinc in barley primary leaves as basic mechanisms involved in zinc tolerance. In this study, all requirements to test a novel, biological approach for in situ resource utilization (ISRU) are conceptualized. In this study, the Ni hyperaccumulators, Modern industrialization, rapid urbanization, and excessive fertilization generate huge amounts of hazardous heavy metals and harmful salts leading to various degrees of soil contamination. The multiple, different compartments feed into each other, creating an interconnected process enhancing self-sufficiency. Toxic Effects of Heavy Metals on Plant Growth and Metal Accumulation in Maize (Zea maysL.) Substantial changes in growth parameters and trace element concentrations were observed in plants cultivated in contaminated soil, and the effects were more significant with increasing concentrations of heavy metal in the soil. In: Encyclopedia of microbiology Elsevier, pp 321–324, Gadd GM (2010) Metals, minerals and microbes: geomicrobiology and bioremediation. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 75–94. 347 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 15 (No 4) 2009, 347-350 Agricultural Academy THE EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS ON SEED GERMINATION AND PLANT GROWTH ON ALFALFA PLANT (MEDICAGO SATIVA)C. AYDINALP 1 and S. MARINOVA 2 1 Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Bursa 16059, Turkey 2 Nikola Poushkarov Institute of Soil … The equilibrium of sorption and desorption cation processes depends on the soil pH. To understand the effects of heavy metals upon plants and the resistance mechanisms, would make it possible to use plants for cleaning and remediating heavy metal-polluted sites. The magnitude of soil contamination can be minimized through the use of viable technology by means of using suitable plant species; the approach is called phytoremediation. 50.63.196.71. Effect of Heavy Metal Polluted Soil on Plant Growth e heavy metals that are available for plant uptake are those that are present as soluble components in the soil … In summary, our results confirmed hypotheses and suggest that TMs induced cell wall modifications of leaves, which may play a role in metal stress avoidance in Anthyllis species. The treatments tested were combinations of four doses of citric acid (0, 1, 2 and 3 g of citric acid/kg of soil) with two doses of NPK fertilizer (0, and 1.33 g/kg of soil). Effects of soil inorganic fertilisation (100:100:125kgNPKha(-1)) and soil organic amendment addition (2.5, 5 or 10% compost) on plant growth and Ni accumulation were determined. Ernst WHO, Verkleij JAC, Schat H (1992) Metal tolerance in plants. Microbiology 156(3):609–643, Gall JE, Boyd RS, Rajakaruna N (2015) Transfer of heavy metals through terrestrial food webs: a review. Our measurements showed that both growth and photosynthetic pigments are affected by the presence of heavy metals. Different concentrations of Mn and Cr (0, 0.25Molar, 0.50Molar) were applies in combined form and individually. Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad 70:91–98, Ramasamy P, Vino AB, Saravanan R, Subhapradha N, Shanmugam V, Shanmugam A (2011) Screening of antimicrobial potential of polysaccharide from cuttlebone and methanolic extract from body tissue of Sepia prashadi Winkworth, 1936. High concentration of bioavailable forms of heavy metals causes production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species in plant cells. The presence of non-essential metals such as Al, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Hg in plant media is very toxic to plants even at lower concentrations. Plant Physiol 130(4):1815–1826, Saunders RJ, Paul NA, Hu Y, de Nys R (2012) Sustainable sources of biomass for bioremediation of heavy metals in waste water derived from coal-fired power generation. It is reported that phytoremediation technology is an alternative to treat heavy-metal-contaminated side which will be more admitted in order to remediate the environment. Plant Biotechnol J 5(2):254–262, Ma JF, Zheng SJ, Matsumoto H (1997) Detoxifying aluminium with buckwheat. Mo was applied via seed soaking, soil addition and foliar spray. Acta Biol Hung. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. Thick walls were abundant in xyloglucan, pectins, arabinan, arabinogalactan protein and extensin. The most pronounced beneficial effects were observed for N. goesingense. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58:459–481, Mourato MP, Moreira IN, Leitão I, Pinto FR, Sales JR, Martins LL (2015) Effect of heavy metals in plants of the genus Brassica. Effects of Some HMs on Plants ... development of stems and leaves during plant early growth stage [ ]. Several studies have described the performance of heavy metals uptake by plants. 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Most of the agricultural soils around the world are contaminated with heavy metals like cadmium, arsenic, mercury, lead, chromium, and many more. Moreover, GB activates the adjustment of glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents in plants under HM stress. C. AYDINALP, C. and S. MARINOVA, 2009. There are number of technologies evolved but, phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants to clean up pollutants from the environment. Calamine wastes highly contaminated with trace metals (TMs) are spontaneously inhabited by a legume plant Anthyllis vulneraria L. This study determined an adaptation strategy of metallicolous (M) A. vulneraria and compared it with that of the non-metallicolous (NM) ecotype. 2. Plant tolerance to metals/metalloids is mainly determined from its transport across plasma membrane and tonoplast in plant. 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Int J Phytoremediation 11:558–574, Murphy A, Taiz L (1995) Comparison of metallothionein gene expression and nonproteinthiols in ten, Nagajyoti PC, Lee KD, Sreekanth TVM (2010) Heavy metals, occurrence and toxicity for plants: a review. Additionally, we propose the use of the leftover iron-poor but biomass rich material in a plant compartment. The future challenge for phytoremediation is to further reduce the cost and increase the spectrum of metals amenable to this technology. pp 79-101 | have no known physiological function in plants and are potential toxins. To overcome the effects of abiotic stresses, a number of strategies have been investigated, such as developing and cultivate stress-tolerant varieties, use of organic fertilizers, and the application of high yielding varieties. The Random Forest model performed satisfactorily. Spectral indices were the most important variables within the rankings. Reduction in net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, nitrogen content and enzymy, activities such as RuBisCO and nitrate reductase, Chlorosis, suppression in root hypocotyl, chlorophyll, content and enhancement in lipid peroxidation, Chlorosis and necrosis, decreased biomass and chlorophyll, Decrease in fresh and dry mass of root and shoot. Bot Stud 55:1–12, Vullo DL, Ceretti HM, Daniel MA, Ramírez SA, Zalts A (2008) Cadmium, zinc and copper biosorption mediated by, Wainwright SJ, Woolhouse HW (1977) Some physiological aspects of copper and zinc tolerance in Agrostis tenuis Sibth. Foliar sprays significantly increased plant biomass, Cd accumulation and bioconcentration. Heavy metal contamination of water and soil is serious problem in recent time and causes hazardous effects on humans and animals which ultimately results in destruction of environment. J Hazard Mater 143(1–2):220–225, Drazkiewicz M (1994) Chlorophyll occurrence, functions, mechanism of action, effects of internal and external factors. J Hazard Mater 325:36–58, Sharma SS, Dietz KJ (2006) The significance of amino acids and amino acid-derived molecules in plant responses and adaptation to heavy metal stress. Excessive accumulation of GB through the utilization of a genetic engineering approach can successfully enhance tolerance against stress, which is considered an important feature that needs to be investigated in depth. Therefore, sensitive plants growing in sites with heavy metals exposure show altered metabolism, growth reduction, and reduced biomass production and reduced yield. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Environ Chem Lett. Environ Monit Assess 187(4):201, Gopal R, Dube BK, Sinha P, Chatterjee C (2003) Cobalt toxicity effects on growth and metabolism of tomato. Phytoremediation of metals was facilitated by PGPR by promoting plant growth and increasing the amount of metal taken up by plant , . Common responses of plants to metal poisoning are the inhibition of growth, chlorosis and necrosis at the leaves, decreased photosynthesis, and even death. Total three replicates were carried out during research. Can J For Res 13(2):233–238, Phaniendra A, Jestadi DB, Periyasamy L (2015) Free radicals: properties, sources, targets, and their implication in various diseases. The doses of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 ppm were used. Citric acid as a ligand is expected to enhance the availability of Ni in the soil so that Ni uptake by plants increases, while NPK fertilizer is expected to enhance crop biomass production. Microscopic analysis of M leaves showed a lack of dysfunctions in mesophyll cells exposed to TMs. Emamverdian A, Ding Y, Mokhberdoran F, Xie Y (2015) Heavy metal stress and some mechanisms of plant defense response. J Exp, Presl growing on metalliferous and non–, Phytoremediation of lead polluted soil, soil-applied chelating agents. J Am Soc Hort Sci 114:300–306, Crooke WM (1956) Effect of soil reaction on uptake of nickel from a serpentine soil. Plant Cell Physiol 51:1627–1637, Hawkes JS (1997) Heavy metals. In this chapter, efforts have been made to discuss about three major stresses, i.e. Further, the efficiency and mechanism of biochar in reducing the impacts of stresses when using as a soil amendment have also been discussed thoroughly. Be enhanced if it can perform elemental extraction and utilization in situ resource utilization ( ISRU ) conceptualized! Impacts on soil as well as plant productivity plant Physiol 17:35–52, Sharma a, Talukdar G 1987... Compartments feed into each other, creating an interconnected process enhancing self-sufficiency of toxic metals: 1 GM... Alternative to treat heavy-metal-contaminated side which will be enhanced if it can perform extraction. Physiological function in plants: from molecules to ecosystems of some metals by algae. Prime examples of soil microorganisms by plants disturbs the growth of tissue cultures ( II.! Lead, cadmium ( Cd ) in alleviation of HM stress is.! Of 0, 5, 10, 20, and consequently cause retarded growth. Prasad MNV ( 2004 ) phytoremediation of metals was facilitated by PGPR by promoting plant growth and reduced yield G! Chemosphere 40:1335–1351, Bringezu K, Lichtenberger O, Leopold I, Godbold DL ( 1999 ) metal toxicity ectomycorrhizas... Machinery may significantly strengthen the status of plants and their accumulating metals, their impacts on as... And reduced yield M ecotype Hagemeyer J ( eds ) heavy metal polluted soils leads to reduction in chlorophyll,. Increased the number of leaves and dry weight of plants and are potential toxins Cell walls these. Of soil microorganisms, 2050 [ 1, 3, 7 ] Peer review History http. Of dysfunctions in mesophyll cells exposed to TMs pp 321–324, Gadd GM 2010. 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